Excerpt:

Bartonella species, which belong to the alpha-2 subgroup of Proteobacteria,
are fastidious Gram-negative bacteria that are highly adapted to their
mammalian host reservoirs. Bartonella species are responsible for different
clinical conditions affecting humans, including Carrion’s disease, cat
scratch disease, trench fever, bacillary angiomatosis, endocarditis and
peliosis hepatis. While some of these diseases can resolve spontaneously
without treatment, in other cases, the disease is fatal without antibiotic
treatment. In this article, we discuss the antibiotic susceptibility
patterns of Bartonella species, detected using several methods. We also
provide an overview of Bartonella infection in humans and animals and
discuss the antibiotic treatment recommendations for the different
infections, treatment failure and the molecular mechanism of antibiotic
resistance in these bacteria.