All Posts Tagged With: "synovial fluid"

Link: http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&id=20921145&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks

Excerpt:

Borrelia burgdorferi stimulates a strong inflammatory response
during infection of a mammalian host. To understand the
mechanisms of immune regulation employed by the host to control
this inflammatory response, we focused our studies on
adrenomedullin, a peptide produced in response to bacterial
stimuli that exhibits antimicrobial activity and regulates
inflammatory responses by modulating the expression of
inflammatory cytokines. Specifically, we investigated the effect
of B. burgdorferi on the expression of adrenomedullin as well as
the ability of adrenomedullin to dampen host inflammatory
responses to the spirochete. The concentration of adrenomedullin
in the synovial fluid of untreated Lyme arthritis patients was
elevated compared with control osteoarthritis patient samples. In
addition, co-culture with B. burgdorferi significantly increased
the expression of adrenomedullin in RAW264.7 macrophages through
MyD88-, PI3-K-, and p38-dependent signaling cascades.
Furthermore, the addition of exogenous adrenomedullin to B.
burgdorferi-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages resulted in a
significant decrease in the induction of pro-inflammatory
cytokines. Taken together, these results suggest that B.
burgdorferi increases the production of The role of adrenomedullin in Lyme disease.

Full article: http://sci.tech-archive.net/Archive/sci.med.diseases.lyme/2008-06/msg00078.html

Excerpt:

IDSA knows that chronic Lyme exists

The IDSA is aware that chronic Lyme exists. We know this because
members of the 2000 and 2006 Lyme disease guideline panels wrote, in
research articles and patents, that chronic Lyme exists.

Evidence about the existence of chronic Lyme borreliosis has increased
since the 2006 LD guidelines were published.

Scientists in California recently reported that not only can Bb persist
in mice despite treatment with ceftriaxone, but the Borrelia can also
infect other ticks and mice. (1) This study buttresses previous
studies that showed that Borrelia can persist in mice (2, 3), dogs (4,
5, 6), and ponies (7).

Studies have also shown that Bb can persist despite antibiotic
treatment in the following human cells, tissues, organs, and body
fluids:

* Fibroblasts (8; Mark Klempner, an IDSA LD guideline panel member in
2006, is an author of this study)

Spondylarthritis (SpA) represents a group of arthritidies that share clinical features such as inflammatory back pain and inflammation at sites where tendons attach to bone. It includes ankylosing spondylitis (AS), psoriatic arthritis, inflammatory bowel-disease-related arthritis, reactive arthritis (ReA) and undifferentiated spondylarthritides (uSpA). Since Chlamydia trachomatis or Chlamydia pneumoniae (which are often asymptomatic) frequently cause ReA, a new study examined whether there was a connection between these two infections and uSpA. Continued