Borrelia burgdorferi antigens in a mouse model

Linda — Mon, 07 Dec 2009 05:20:55 +0000

HLA-DR alleles determine responsiveness to Borrelia burgdorferi antigens in a
mouse model of self-perpetuating arthritis.

Iliopoulou BP, Guerau-De-Arellano M, Huber BT.

Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts.

OBJECTIVE: Arthritis is a prominent manifestation of Lyme disease, which is
caused by infection with Borrelia burgdorferi (Bb). Chronic Lyme arthritis
persisting even after antibiotic treatment is linked to HLA-DRB1*0401 (DR4) and
related alleles. In contrast, patients whose Lyme arthritis resolves within 3
months postinfection show an increased frequency of HLA-DRB1*1101 (DR11). The
aim of this study was to analyze the underlying mechanism by which HLA-DR
alleles confer genetic susceptibility or resistance to antibiotic-refractory
Lyme arthritis.

METHODS: We generated DR11-transgenic (DR11-Tg) mice on a murine
MHCII(-/-) background and compared their immune response to Bb antigens with the
response of DR4-Tg mice after immunization with Bb outer surface protein A
(OspA) or infection with live Bb.

RESULTS: T cells from OspA-immunized and
Bb-infected DR11-Tg mice had defective production of interferon-gamma as
compared with those from DR4-Tg mice. In contrast, DR11-Tg mice developed higher
titers of anti-OspA and anti-Bb antibodies, respectively, than did DR4-Tg mice.
Consistent with this observation, we found that the Bb-infected DR11-Tg mice had
a decreased spirochetal burden as compared with the DR4-Tg mice, as measured by
quantitative polymerase chain reaction.

CONCLUSION: This study provides direct
evidence that in the presence of HLA-DR11, the immune response against Bb
antigens is directed toward a protective antibody response. In contrast, an
inflammatory Th1 response is induced in the presence of DR4. These observations
offer an explanation for the differential genetic susceptibility of DR4+ and
DR11+ individuals to the development of chronic Lyme arthritis and, eventually,
the progression to antibiotic-refractory Lyme arthritis.

http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&id=19950279&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks
PMID: 19950279 [PubMed – as supplied by publisher]

Comparing Kill Kinetics of the Leading Antimicrobials

Linda — Wed, 11 Nov 2009 07:43:36 +0000

Linda’s comments: Everyone that knows me knows how I feel about the ACS200ppm….It ROCKS….I carry a bottle in my purse and spray my mouth throughout the day. I have douched with it, I have been drinking 2 ounces, 3 times daily. I have used it in my neti-pot, however I also added the Quinton (Isotonic) Marine Plasma Water…..sinuses are in great shape….as we know colds sometimes start in the nose and when I have had sniffles I use the combination in my neti-pot and they are gone.

With my combination of ACS200ppm, VitD, VitC, VitA and the FIGHT protocol there is no flu that penetrate my body. I also take both the Quinton Marine Plasma Water (Hypertonic and Isotonic)….

The “Kill-time Studies” below on the ACS200ppm tells me that I am doing the right thing. I also have several nurse friends, who carry a bottle in their pockets while working. They also use the ACS200 to spray their childrens mouths before they leave for school and before they go to bed….they have reported to me that over the last 3 years since taking the ACS200, that there has been no sickness in their homes.

Angel Huggzz
Linda

October 29, 2009 – Issue 2 view in browser
Comparing Kill Kinetics of the Leading Antimicrobials
by Lyn Hanshew, M.D.

Silver has been known for its medicinal and antimicrobial properties for thousands of years. Hippocrates, “Father of Medicine,” used silver for tissue repair & wound healing. In 69 B.C. silver nitrate was described in the contemporary pharmacopoeia. The ancient civilizations of Greece and Rome used silver to control bodily infection & prevent food spoilage. The King of Persia used silver containers to carry water to prevent contamination. Throughout the ages, the ‘Metal of the Moon’ as it was known to some of the ancients has been used effectively for numerous medicinal purposes.

Beyond prescribing any silver-based product for its antimicrobial effect, it is necessary in successful practice to distinguish the vast differences in performance amongst competing brands. Clearly silver is not just silver. Major formulation advancements have been made in the last 150 years since the first electrolytically produced colloidal silvers came into existence. To understand the difference in antimicrobial activity between the leading evidence based silver products currently available, we need only compare kill kinetics studies against various benchmark microorganisms.

The most effective antimicrobials within the clinical setting are defined as broad-spectrum; exhibiting bactericidal, virucidal, fungicidal and more in killing effect. As there are a near infinite number of types, and genetic variations of pathogens, antimicrobial research is best accomplished by Association of Analytical Communities (AOAC) standard, invitro kill time studies. This is the same protocol utilized by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in determining the germicidal efficiency of a pesticide/disinfectant. The AOAC protocols are accepted and recognized as standard.

In my investigations, I have compiled kill kinetics data of three of the better known silver-based antimicrobial products currently on the market, which I obtained from the manufacturer’s own websites. Included in this comparative analysis are the independently derived, and independently published kill kinetics test results of Results RNA Advanced Cellular Silver (ACS) 200®, American Biotech ASAP silver® and Purest Colloids, Inc. MesoSilver® against three benchmark microorganisms; Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Candida albicans, and Staphylococcus aureus.

Before we examine the data, a simple defining of terms is necessary:

Titer: Synonymous with Microbe Concentration. Titer refers to the number of organisms calculated in the culture prior to testing.
Log Reduction: Defines the percentage of kill in logarithms.
Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) – Comparative Kill Time Study
MRSA Titer Log Reduction Time
ACS 200* 2,170,000,000 6.64/99.999984% < 3 minutes
ASAP silver 1,900,000 4.98/99.9989% 60 minutes
Meso Silver 1,200,000 Log not provided claimed kill 5 hours
* Performed using AOAC methods
ACS 200 titer is 114,210% greater than ASAP silver titer
ACS 200 titer is 180,833% greater than MesoSilver titer
www.aoac.org – Association of Analytical Communities

ACS 200® (tested by AOAC) provides a >6.64 log reduction/99.999984% complete kill in less than 3 minutes.
ASAP® silver provides a >4.98 log reduction/99.9989% complete kill in 60 minutes.
MesoSilver® requires 300 minutes to achieve complete kill against MRSA. (Actual Log reduction not provided in published report.)
Microbe Concentrations: The initial microbe concentration (titer) of MRSA used with ACS 200® for testing is significantly larger than the titers used by ASAP® silver and MesoSilver®. Comparisons are as follows:
MRSA Microbe Concentrations by Product

ACS 200® MRSA titer: 2.17 X 109
ASAP® silver MRSA titer: 1.9 x 106
MesoSilver® MRSA titer: 1.2 x 106

MRSA Microbe Concentrations Compared

The 2.17 X 109 ACS 200® titer is 1,142 times larger than the 1.9 x 106 ASAP® silver titer.
The 2.17 X 109 ACS 200 titer is 1,808 times larger than the 1.2 x 106 MesoSilver® titer.

MRSA Testing Conclusion:

ACS 200® achieves complete kill (without a single organism left alive) against 2,170,000,000 MRSA organisms in less than 3 minutes.
ACS 200® achieves a significant 20 times faster kill than ASAP® silver against Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus evidencing a 3 minute/99.999984% >6.64 log reduction versus a 60 minute/99.9989% >4.98 log reduction, while killing an 1,142 times greater number of MRSA organisms.
ACS 200® achieves a significant 100 times faster kill than MesoSilver® against Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus evidencing a 3 minute/99.999984% >6.64 log reduction versus a 300 minute kill time, while killing an 1,808 times greater number of MRSA organisms.

Candida albicans – Comparative Kill Time Study
C. albicans Titer Log Reduction Time
ACS 200* 445,000,000 5.95/99.99989% 2 minutes
ASAP silver 1,300,000 4.83/99.9985% 60 minutes
Meso Silver 12,000 Log not provided claimed kill 24 hours
* Performed using AOAC methods
ACS 200 titer is 34,230% greater than ASAP silver titer
ACS 200 titer is 370,833% greater than MesoSilver titer

ACS 200® provides a >5.95 log reduction/99.99989% kill in 2 minutes.
ASAP® silver provides a >4.83 log reduction/99.9985% kill in 60 minutes.
MesoSilver® requires 1,440 minutes to achieve complete kill. (Actual Log reduction not provided in published report.)
Microbe Concentrations: The initial microbe concentration (titer) of Candida albicans used with ACS 200® for testing is significantly larger than the titers used by ASAP® silver and MesoSilver®. Comparisons are as follows:
Candida albicans Microbe Concentrations by Product

ACS 200® Candida titer: 4.45 x 108
ASAP® silver Candida titer: 1.3 x 106
MesoSilver® Candida titer: 1.2 x 104

Candida Microbe Concentrations Compared

The 4.45 x 108 Candida titer (ACS 200®) is 342 times larger than the 1.3 x 106 Candida titer (ASAP® silver).
The 4.45 x 108 Candida titer (ACS 200®) is 37,083 times larger than the 1.2 x 104 Candida titer (MesoSilver®).

Candida Testing Conclusion

ACS 200® achieves complete kill (without a single organism left alive) against 445,000,000 Candida organisms in less than 3 minutes.
ACS 200® achieves a significant 30 times faster kill than ASAP® silver against Candida albicans evidencing a 2 minute/99.99989% >5.95 log reduction versus a 60 minute/99.9985% >4.83 log reduction, while killing a 342 times greater number of Candida organisms.
ACS 200® achieves a significant 720 times faster kill than MesoSilver® against Candida albicans evidencing a 2 minute/99.99989% >5.95 log reduction versus a 1,440 minute kill time, while killing a 37,083 times greater number of Candida organisms.
Staphylococcus aureus – Comparative Kill Time Study
S. aureus Titer Log Reduction Time
ACS 200* 234,000,000 > 5.37/99.9996% 15 seconds
ASAP silver 2,300,000 > 5.06/99.99914% 60 minutes
Meso Silver 830,000 Log not provided claimed kill 24 hours
* Performed using AOAC methods
ACS 200 titer is 10,173% greater than ASAP silver titer
ACS 200 titer is 28,192% greater than MesoSilver titer
ACS 200® provides a >5.37 log reduction/99.9996% kill in 15 seconds.
ASAP® silver provides a >5.06 log reduction/99.99914% kill in 60 minutes.
MesoSilver® requires 1,440 minutes to achieve complete kill. (Actual Log reduction not provided in published report.)
Microbe Concentrations: The initial microbe concentration (titer) of Staphylococcus aureus used with ACS 200® for testing is significantly larger than the titers used by ASAP® silver and MesoSilver®. Comparisons are as follows:
Staphylococcus aureus Microbe Concentrations by Product

ACS 200® S. aureus titer: 2.34 x 108
ASAP® silver S. aureus titer: 2.3 x 106
MesoSilver® S. aureus titer: 8.3 x 105

Microbe Concentrations Compared

The 2.34 x 108 ACS 200® titer is 101 times larger than the 2.3 x 106 ASAP silver titer.
The 2.34 x 108 ACS 200 titer is 281 times larger than the 8.3 x 105 MesoSilver® titer.

Staph Aureus Testing Conclusion:

ACS 200® achieves complete kill (without a single organism left alive) against 234,000,000 S. aureus organisms in less than 15 seconds.
ACS 200® achieves a significant 240 times faster kill than ASAP® silver against S. aureus evidencing a 15 second/99.9996% >5.06 log reduction versus a 60 minute/99.99914% >5.06 log reduction, while killing 101 times greater number of S. aureus organisms.
ACS 200® achieves a significant 5,760 times faster kill than MesoSilver® against S. aureus evidencing a 15 second/99.9996% >5.06 log reduction versus a 1,440 minute kill time, while killing a 281 times greater number of S. aureus organisms.
Conclusion
As you can see, the performance of these three silver formulations differs greatly. ACS 200® achieves 100’s of times faster kill in just minutes, against thousands of times greater number of pathogenic microorganisms.

With enhanced killing effect, superior efficacy and patient outcomes are readily discernable with ACS 200® versus competing antimicrobial products. In our clinical experience over the last several years, many practitioners have seen ACS 200® perform extremely well against a host of pathogenic microorganisms, with high benefit and very little risk.
——————————————————————————–
Download Original Kill Time Studies Here
ACS 200 vs MRSA
ACS 200 vs Candida albicans
ACS 200 vs Staph aureus

ASAP Silver vs MRSA
ASAP Silver vs Candida albicans
ASAP Silver vs Staph aureus

Meso Silver vs MRSA
Meso Silver vs Candida albicans
Meso Silver vs Staph aureus

titer – F.I.G.H.T for your health!

Borrelia burgdorferi antigens in a mouse model

Comparing Kill Kinetics of the Leading Antimicrobials